Those who spend (freely) whether in prosperity or in adversity; who restrain their anger and pardon men; And Allah loves those who do good. (Noble Qur'an, 3:134)
Anger is a mental condition that provokes the excitement of man in words and deeds. Because of the dangers and sins such like mocking, gibe, obscenity, beating, killing, and the like evildoings - that are resulted from anger, it has been considered as the door to every evil.
According to Ibn Maskawayh, Anger, in fact, is an inner psychic movement due to which a state of agitation is produced in the heart's blood, arousing a desire for vengeance. And when this agitation becomes more violent, it intensifies the fire of anger. A violent commotion in the blood seizes the heart, filling the arteries and the brain with a flurry of dark smoke, on account of which the mind and the intellect lose control and become powerless.
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (as)said: "Verily, anger is a spark ignited by the Shaitan (Satan) in the human heart. Indeed, when anyone of you gets angry, his eyes become red, the veins of his neck become swollen and Shaitan (Satan) enters them. Therefore, whosoever among you is concerned about himself on account of it, he should lie down for a while so that the filth of Shaitan (Satan) may be removed from him at the time."
Anger is one of the conditions of the soul, and possesses three states.
1. The state of excess, which is defined as what would put one outside the bounds of religion and its laws.
2. The state of deficiency, which is defined as the state in which one fails to take a violent action even though it is necessary for his self defense.
3. The state of moderation, in which anger is stimulated in appropriate and permissible circumstances. Thus it is clear that the first and the second states are amongst the vices of the soul, while the third is amongst ethical virtues produced by courage.
Excessive anger is a fatal disease, which can be considered as a type of temporary madness. When it subsides, it is immediately followed by remorse and repentance, which represent healthy responses of a rational person.
Amirul Muminin, Imam Ali (as)said: "Anger is a stroke of madness, since the afflicted later feels remorse and regrets. If someone does not feel any remorse after anger, it means that his madness has become fixed."
Amirul Muminin, Imam Ali (as) said: "Protect yourself from anger for its beginning is insanity and its end is remorse."
Moreover, absolute absence of anger is also a vice, which drags man into humiliation, subjugation and inability to defend his rights. In order to cure excessive anger, one must first remove its causes. These may be pride, selfishness, stubbornness,greed and other such vices. One must also consider how unseemly excessive anger is, and how evil its consequences may be. Secondly, he must examine the benefits of forbearance and self-restraint, and associate with people who possess these qualities. He must also realize that Allah's power is supreme, and everything is under His command, which would make him realize his own weakness compared with the infinite power of Allah. Thirdly, he should know that a person in a state of anger is not loved by Allah; moreover, he may do something in anger, of which he will be ashamed later on.
The opposite of anger is mildness and forbearance characteristics which count amongst perfect qualities of the soul. They make a person forgiving and merciful, although he may have complete power to take revenge.
Keep to forgiveness, and enjoin what is fair, and turn away from the ignorant. (Noble Qur'an, 7:199)
And the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: "Forgiveness raises a man's station; forgive so that Allah (SWT) may honour you."
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